“No police officer has been convicted for excessive use of violence during the crack-down on the October 1, 2017 independence referendum” reads the report.

HRW has repeatedly called on Spain to launch an official investigation on police violence that day, which the NGO described as “disproportionate.”

The NGO also refers to the case against politicians and activists who helped organise the referendum: “In March, 25 independence leaders were indicted on various charges ranging from rebellion to misuse of public funds.”